Integrated Procedures in Facial Cosmetic Surgery

Physical attractiveness of the face has a significant impact on the social life and daily interaction of individuals as well as one’s general perception of life. Proper surgical planning for aesthetic facial surgery requires a meticulous analysis of the patient’s current and desired facial features from the perspective of both soft and hard tissues. Significantly greater changes to facial aesthetics can be made via the alteration of the main bony structures of the face than by alteration of soft tissue and skin alone. Various surgical and clinical techniques are available for the augmentation, reduction or refinement of the most prominent aspects of facial aesthetics, such as alterations to the cheek, chin, nose, para-nasal area, as well as the angle of the jaw. These techniques can be categorized as office-based or non-invasive techniques (filler injections, facial liposculpture or liposuction to modify the soft tissue of the face) and invasive surgical interventions such as facial prosthesis and maxillofacial osteotomies. In order to achieve the optimum aesthetic results for patients who undergo bi-maxillary or mono-maxillary orthognathic surgery, it is of paramount importance to utilize a hard and soft-tissue integrated approach. These integrated approaches have utilized the latest techniques in 3-dimentional printing, computer-assisted surgery, tissue engineering and stem-cell therapy in order to achieve positive and lasting outcomes.